Suras 9. At Tawba
Part 9
9 At Tawba (Repentance)
129 Ayaat also called Al Bara’ah (Cut off ties)
Late Madani Surah – Tabouk / Battle
- After Tabouk in 9th year Hijra before Hajj. One year before death of the Prophet. This year hajj was done by both Muslims and non Muslims
- 10th year was the first only Muslim Hajj performed by Prophet ﷺ.
- Makkah and surrounding lands cut ties from all kinds of paganism or shirq. Land is only for Muslims.
Tabouk and Military Context
- Tabouk was against Romans/Byzantines. Muslims were mandated to go and waited for 20 days in a location where romans never showed up.
- Surah revealed during battle times and misused by enemies of Islam. Aya 5 is misused a lot : “Kill then where you find them”.
- Quran is holistic and should be seen with context and see the overall message of Islam and life of Prophet ﷺ. Far right people
Start without Bismillah
- Either because Companions were not sure if this is part of Surah Al-Anfal or a seperate Surah.
- Or because Surah came down to disassociate with idol worshippers and not appropriate to start with bismillah.
Announcement of Disassociation
- Surah begins by announcing that after 4 months pagans can either accept Islam or leave Makkah.
- All previous contracts will become void. Some need to be finished. There is a new system of Islam in place.
- Aya 11 if they repent and accept they are your brothers. If they refuse they have four months
- Aya 5 is an ultimatum to kill them in the context of this time. It was never applied. Either they accepted or they left.
- Aya 6 says if they ask for protection then give them protection and tell them about message of Islam and leave them in a safe place or land they want to goto.
Only Muslims maintain Masajid
- Aya 17-22 idol worshippers are not allowed to take care of Kaaba anymore and holy land.
- Only those who believe in Allah, last day and establish salah that they should take care of masjid al Haram and all masajid
- Those who love Allah love the masajid
Priorities of a Muslim – Love Allāh most.
- Aya 24 if your parents and children and wealth and homes are more beloved to you than Allāh and his messenger than wait until Allh executes his command.
- We are allowed to have things but only use them for the pleasure of Allah.
Battle Hunain – Trap of Pagans
- Took place after conquest of Makkah. About 12,000 Muslims
- Muslims thought they would win easily against tribes Hawaz and Thakeef set a trap and Prophet ﷺ called they muslims back.
- Aya 25,26 on day of Hunain when you thought your numbers impressed you and you fleed.
- We should never rely on the worldly preparations or means. The trust is in Allāh who brings victory or success.
Hypocrites Who Refused to Join Tabouk
- Tabouk was 9th year of Hijra. Muslims were mandated to go up north and fight the byzantines. The romans got afraid and didn’t show up.
- Hypocrites gave illegitimate excuses to get out of going into battle.
- Aya 39 if you fail to help the Prophet ﷺ Allāh will substitute you
- Aya 40 if you don’t help him, Allāh will help him directly just like Prophet ﷺ was in the cave with Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه and Allāh helped them.
- Same message goes for us. Check if I am a Hypocrite? If I don’t do my part for the sake of Allah, I can also be replaced.
Hypocrite Make False Promises
- Aya 75-77 some of them they weren’t able to help but they promised that they day they have money they will be most upright. Then Allāh gave them bounty and they became stingy and walked away. Allah penalised then with hypocrisy in their hearts because they broke their promise
- Aya 78 don’t they know Allāh is aware of their secrets and Allāh k it’s the unseen.
- Are we also putting fake excuses to stop us from doing good.
Generosity is in the Heart not in your Wealth
- The Prophet ﷺ said saying a good word is charity.
- Aya 79 some sincere Sahaba who couldn’t give enough (e.g just gave some dates) the hypocrites ridiculed them. Allah said Allāh will criticise and mocks these on the day of judgement. These people were Arm chair critics. They sit back and do nothing and just criticise others.
- Finding faults in others is a sign of hypocrisy.
Story of Ka’ab Ibn Malik – Refuge is Only with Allāh.
- Ka’ab Ibn Malik and 2 others gave a wrong excuse and after muslims came back they confessed their mistake. They were punished by being boycotted.
- Aya 118 revealed for them. Those three who stayed behind they were kept in their houses until this whole earth despite its vastness seemed narrow and their own nafs closed in on them. And what saved them is that they realised there is no refuge from Allāh except with Allāh.
- No matter what you do always return to Allāh. There is nothing that will save you other than repentance and returning to Allah.
Description of Believers
- Aya 111 Allāh has purchased from believers their souls and properties in exchange for paradise (eternal). They fight in the cause of Allah. Kill or get killed. It is a true promise in other books as well as Quran. Who is more true in his promise than Allāh. Rejoice the contract. This is a great attainment.
- Aya 112 Believers are those who repent who worship Allah who praise Allah who travel for Allah who do ruku and sajda for Allah encourage good and forbid evil and observe the limits set by Allah. And give good tidings to the believers.
Importance of Sincerity
- Aya 91 When you called out the believers and there were some believers who couldn’t come due to health or illness.
- Aya 92 Some of them who couldn’t come due to no animal and turned away crying. Prophet ﷺ said these people will have the reward of all that went by staying in their houses.
- Always aim high and have positive goals
Masjid ad Dhirar (masjid of evil).
- The hypocrites and their leader Abdullah Ibn Ubayi made their own masjid to turn people away from the Prophet ﷺ and he wanted to become a leader and divide the Ummah.
- Aya 107-110 Allah called this masjid of evil/mischief. This was made to cause harm and disunity among Muslims. They will swear their intentions and Allāh testifies they are liars. Allah prohibits Muslims from going there. The masjid Quba was made for good reasons and it was praised because of its foundation being purity.
- Evil people can use religion and a masjid to spread evil. They can promise with their mouths that they are doing this for Allāh. We can only judge outwardly and can’t see people’s hearts. May Allah protect us from such hypocrites.
Categories of Zakat Recipient
- Aya 60 eight catabolises mentioned. Poor, needy, people in charge of zakat, bringing hearts together, freeing slaves, those in debt, for cause of Allāh, Traveller in need.
- Civilisation of Islamic Calendar
- Aya 36 number of months in the eyes of Allah are 12. Four months are sacred. Islam needs its own calendar.
- Allah also decided the week and months in Qadr. Allah takes care of all aspects of our civilisation.
Most Optimistic Aya of Quran
- Aya 102 There is another group they have confessed their sins. They mixed good and bad deeds. Perhaps Allah shall forgive them for indeed Allah is forgiving and merciful.
- This Aya shows the beauty and the infinite mercy of Allah.
Dedicate a Group for Knowledge – Stay Behind
- Aya 122 A group of people should remain behind to increase knowledge of deen and warn people when they come back.
- Every community should have people dedicated to scholarship. We need to send our brightest and devoted to understand and teach the religion.
- Islamic scholarship is the backbone of a successful Ummah.
Beautiful Description of the Prophet ﷺ
- Aya 126-129 There has come to you a Prophet ﷺ from among yourselves. He is concerned over your pain and suffering. Towards the believers he is full of mercy.
- He has a special Dua which he saved for shifa on day of judgement.
- Aya 129 But if they turn away from you (O Prophet ﷺ) day to them “Allāh is enough for me, there is no one worthy of worship except him, on him I rely and He is the Lord of the Great throne”.
Reinspyre 